What are the characteristics of grunge music that emerged in the early 1990s?

The characteristic features of grunge music, which emerged in the early 1990s, primarily include heavy guitar riffs and angst-filled lyrics. This genre is known for its raw sound, often characterized by distorted electric guitars and a focus on the emotions and struggles of youth. The heavy guitar riffs contribute to the thick, layered sound that defines grunge, while the lyrics frequently explore themes of disillusionment, depression, and societal issues, reflecting the feelings of a generation grappling with confusion and frustration.

The other options do not align with the essence of grunge music. For instance, melodic harmonies and danceable beats are more typical of pop or dance music, while saxophone solos and smooth vocals do not fit the grungy aesthetic characterized by its unpolished and gritty approach. Similarly, upbeat tempos and lyrical positivity are generally not representative of grunge, which often embodies a darker and more introspective tone.